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Black Box Guide to Structured Cabling

Section NameSection Name

Cabling

Fiber cable

Fiber optic technology uses light as an information

carrier. The cable consists of a core, a single continuous

strand of glass or plastic that’s measured in microns

(µ) by the size of its outer diameter. This is the

pathway for light rays carrying data signals.

Fiber is the preferred cable for applications

that require high bandwidth, long distances, and

immunity to electrical interference. It’s the most

commonly installed backbone cable as well.

The advantages of fiber.

Greater bandwidth. Because fiber provides far

greater bandwidth than copper and has proven

performance at rates up to 10 Gbps, it gives network

designers future-proofing capabilities. Fiber can carry

more information with greater fidelity than copper.

Low attenuation and greater distance. Because

the fiber optic signal is made of light, very little signal

loss occurs during transmission, and data can move at

high speeds and greater distances. Fiber distances can

range from 300 meters (984.2 ft.) to 40 kilometers

(24.8 mi.), depending on the style of cable, wave-

length, and network. (Fiber distances are usually

measured in metric units.)

Security. Your data is safe with fiber. It doesn’t

radiate signals and is extremely difficult to tap. If

the cable is tapped, it leaks light causing failures.

Immunity. Fiber provides extremely reliable

data transmission. It’s completely immune to many

environmental factors that affect copper cable, such

as EMI/RFI, crosstalk, impedance, and more. You can

run fiber cable next to industrial equipment without

worry. It’s also less susceptible to temperature

fluctuations than copper cable is.

Design. Fiber is lightweight, thin, and more durable

than copper cable. It has pulling specifications that

are up to 10 times greater than copper cable. Its small

size makes it easier to handle, and it takes up less

space in cabling ducts. Like copper, fiber is available

with PVC and plenum jackets. Although fiber is more

difficult to terminate than copper, advancements in

connectors are making termination easier. And fiber

is actually easier to test than copper cable.

Costs. Installation costs for fiber are higher than

copper because of the skill needed for termination.

Overall, fiber is more expensive than copper in the

short run, but it may actually be less expensive in the

long run. Fiber typically costs less to maintain, has less

downtime, and requires less networking hardware.

Multimode vs. single-mode

There are two types of fiber cable: multimode

and single-mode. Most of the fiber cable used within

a building is multimode. Single-mode cable, with

its higher performance, is more commonly used

in campus networks between buildings.

Multimode, 50- and 62.5-micron cable.

Multimode cable has a large-diameter core and

multiple pathways of light. It comes in two core

sizes: 50-micron and 62.5-micron.

Cable jacket

Aramid yarn

Coating Cladding Core

Fiber Performance Standards

Attenuation Bandwidth Distance

Fiber Type Wavelength (dB/km) Max. (MHz/km) Gigabit Ethernet 10-GbE

Multimode

50-/125-Micron 850 nm 3.5 500 500 m 300 m

1300 nm 1.5 500 500 m 300 m

62.5-/125-Micron 850 nm 3.5 160 220 m 300 m

1300 nm 1.5 500 220 m 300 m

Single-Mode 8–10-/125-Micron

Premises 1310 nm 1.0 — 2–5 km* 10 km*

1550 nm 1.0 — 50–100 km* 40 km*

Outside Plant 1310 nm 0.5 — 2–5 km* 10 km*

1550 nm 0.5 — 50–100 km* 40 km*

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